URIEL RAMIREZ LEAL
In A historical find that in the struggle for control of political power among the religious-conservative elite and the civil-liberal elite has been a constant in society. In ancient Greece the term was coined to define lay profane, which is outside of ecclesiastical control and Rome, he distinguished between divine justice and justice on earth and instituted the separation of temporal and spiritual power contained in the phrase "render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto God what is God." During the Middle Ages was the Investiture (1073 to 1122) between the Emperor and the Papacy. At the end of the papacy was able to establish its supremacy, was so the Pope Alexander VI legitimized and legalized by their bulls, the division of the American continent between the English and Portuguese.
In an anthropocentric Renaissance began the process of secularization of the state and society, ceased to be God the center of cultural and political life. The Protestant Reformation opened the door to free interpretation of the Bible. In the eighteenth century French Enlightenment liberalism struggled against the absolutism of the State and religious dogmatism, to show that the free man could know his reason all that is wanted. In Spain, the state had knit around Catholic religion with the expulsion of Muslims and Jews. This establishes the same religious intolerance that prevailed in Mexico with the conquest.
In the eighteenth century, Carlos III initiated the process of secularization of the English empire. Once independence of Mexico, culminating liberal secularizing process, establishing for the first time in America the independence of the state in relation to the Church. A mid-nineteenth century, imposed to conservatives and of course the Catholic leadership's first liberal Constitution of 1857 which outlawed religious intolerance. The Catholic Church condemned excommunicated who swear and sponsored an armed uprising. This led to the constitutional government to pass the secularization of Church property to its nationalization and it begins with the Civil War three years.
liberal reform proposed by President Benito Juarez Garcia looked as follows:
1 .- Law on Nationalization of Ecclesiastical Property of the Clergy, passed on July 12, 1859, which nationalized all movable and immovable property of the Church regardless of their originally intended use.
2 .- decreed the absolute separation of church and state, abolished the novitiate and ordered the return of the dowry of ex-cloistered nuns and prohibited the building of new monasteries and the establishment of guilds.
3 .- Civil Marriage Act, published on July 23, 1859. Found that religious marriage is invalid and considered official as a civil contract, stating the reasons and consequences of divorce.
4 .- Civil Registry Law and Civil Registration Act, enacted on July 28, 1859. Declared exclusive authority of the State registration of births, adoption, recognition of children, marriages, deaths and all actions relating to civil status of persons.
5 .-
Secularization Act of Cemeteries, promulgated on July 31, 1859. With this new provision, the nation acquired the exclusive right to dispose of the administration and inspection of disposal sites for burial of persons, regardless of religious or political beliefs.
6 .- Law on Civil Holidays, promulgated on August 11, 1859. Declared public holidays and prohibited the attendance of government officials to religious ceremonies.
7 .- Religious Freedom Act, enacted December 4, 1860. This law mandated that no religious ceremony is verified outside the temples, without written permission granted by the local authority.
8 .- It also limited the rights of succession of the clergy as spiritual directors acted as testers, and eliminating the use of resort to force to enforce religious obligations, and the right of asylum in churches .
9 .- subsequently promulgated the Decree on Freedom of Speech, that included 11 items where it was established that "it is inviolable freedom of writing and publishing writings on any subject."
Source: La Jornada de Guerrero
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